Install Hadoop: Setting up a Single Node Hadoop Cluster

Install Hadoop: Setting up a Single Node Hadoop Cluster

You must have got a theoretical idea about Hadoop, HDFS and its architecture. But to get Hadoop Certified you need good hands-on knowledge. I hope you would have liked our previous blog on HDFS Architecture, now I will take you through the practical knowledge about Hadoop and HDFS. The first step forward is to install Hadoop.

There are two ways to install Hadoop, i.e. Single node and Multi-node.

A single node cluster means only one DataNode running and setting up all the NameNode, DataNode, ResourceManager, and NodeManager on a single machine. This is used for studying and testing purposes. For example, let us consider a sample data set inside the healthcare industry. So, for testing whether the Oozie jobs have scheduled all the processes like collecting, aggregating, storing, and processing the data in a proper sequence, we use a single node cluster. It can easily and efficiently test the sequential workflow in a smaller environment as compared to large environments which contain terabytes of data distributed across hundreds of machines. 

While in a Multi-node cluster, there are more than one DataNode running and each DataNode is running on different machines. The multi-node cluster is practically used in organizations for analyzing Big Data. Considering the above example, in real-time when we deal with petabytes of data, it needs to be distributed across hundreds of machines to be processed. Thus, here we use a multi-node cluster.

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In this blog, I will show you how to install Hadoop on a single node cluster. You can get a better understanding from the Hadoop Admin Training in Bangalore.

Prerequisites

• VIRTUAL BOX: it is used for installing the operating system on it.
• OPERATING SYSTEM: You can install Hadoop on Linux-based operating systems. Ubuntu and CentOS are very commonly used. In this tutorial, we are using CentOS.    
• JAVA: You need to install the Java 8 package on your system.
• HADOOP: You require Hadoop 2.7.3 package.

Install Hadoop

Step 1: Click here to download the Java 8 Package. Save this file in your home directory.

Step 2: Extract the Java Tar File.

Command: tar -xvf jdk-8u101-linux-i586.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Extracting Java Files

Step 3: Download the Hadoop 2.7.3 Package.

Command: wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-2.7.3/hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Downloading Hadoop

Step 4: Extract the Hadoop tar File.

Command: tar -xvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Extracting Hadoop Files

Step 5: Add the Hadoop and Java paths in the bash file (.bashrc).

Open. bashrc file. Now, add Hadoop and Java Path as shown below.

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Command:  vi .bashrc

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Setting Environment Variable

Then, save the bash file and close it.

For applying all these changes to the current Terminal, execute the source command.

Command: source .bashrc

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Refreshing environment variables

To make sure that Java and Hadoop have been properly installed on your system and can be accessed through the Terminal, execute the java -version and hadoop version commands.

Command: java -version

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Java Version

Command: hadoop version

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Hadoop Version

Step 6: Edit the Hadoop Configuration files.

Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop/

Command: ls

All the Hadoop configuration files are located in hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop directory as you can see in the snapshot below:

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Hadoop Configuration Files

Step 7: Open core-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside configuration tag:

core-site.xml informs Hadoop daemon where NameNode runs in the cluster. It contains configuration settings of Hadoop core such as I/O settings that are common to HDFS & MapReduce.

Command: vi core-site.xml

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>

Step 8: Edit hdfs-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside configuration tag:

hdfs-site.xml contains configuration settings of HDFS daemons (i.e. NameNode, DataNode, Secondary NameNode). It also includes the replication factor and block size of HDFS.

Command: vi hdfs-site.xml

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring hdfs-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permission</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
</configuration>

Step 9: Edit the mapred-site.xml file and edit the property mentioned below inside configuration tag:

mapred-site.xml contains configuration settings of MapReduce application like number of JVM that can run in parallel, the size of the mapper and the reducer process,  CPU cores available for a process, etc.

In some cases, mapred-site.xml file is not available. So, we have to create the mapred-site.xml file using mapred-site.xml template.

Command: cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml

Command: vi mapred-site.xml.

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring mapred-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>

Step 10: Edit yarn-site.xml and edit the property mentioned below inside configuration tag:

yarn-site.xml contains configuration settings of ResourceManager and NodeManager like application memory management size, the operation needed on program & algorithm, etc.

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Command: vi yarn-site.xml

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring yarn-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0">
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.auxservices.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
</configuration>

Step 11: Edit hadoop-env.sh and add the Java Path as mentioned below:

hadoop-env.sh contains the environment variables that are used in the script to run Hadoop like Java home path, etc.

Command: vi hadoop–env.sh

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Configuring hadoop-env.sh

Step 12: Go to Hadoop home directory and format the NameNode.

Command: cd

Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3

Command: bin/hadoop namenode -format

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Formatting NameNode

This formats the HDFS via NameNode. This command is only executed for the first time. Formatting the file system means initializing the directory specified by the dfs.name.dir variable.

Never format, up and running Hadoop filesystem. You will lose all your data stored in the HDFS.  

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Step 13: Once the NameNode is formatted, go to hadoop-2.7.3/sbin directory and start all the daemons.

Command: cd hadoop-2.7.3/sbin

Either you can start all daemons with a single command or do it individually.

Command: ./start-all.sh

The above command is a combination of start-dfs.sh, start-yarn.sh & mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh

Or you can run all the services individually as below:

Start NameNode:

The NameNode is the centerpiece of an HDFS file system. It keeps the directory tree of all files stored in the HDFS and tracks all the file stored across the cluster.

Command: ./hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting NameNode

Start DataNode:

On startup, a DataNode connects to the Namenode and it responds to the requests from the Namenode for different operations.

Command: ./hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting DataNode

Start ResourceManager:

ResourceManager is the master that arbitrates all the available cluster resources and thus helps in managing the distributed applications running on the YARN system. Its work is to manage each NodeManagers and the each application’s ApplicationMaster.

Command: ./yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting ResourceManager

Start NodeManager:

The NodeManager in each machine framework is the agent which is responsible for managing containers, monitoring their resource usage and reporting the same to the ResourceManager.

Command: ./yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting NodeManager

Start JobHistoryServer:

JobHistoryServer is responsible for servicing all job history related requests from client.

Command: ./mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

Step 14: To check that all the Hadoop services are up and running, run the below command.

Command: jps

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Checking Daemons

Step 15: Now open the Mozilla browser and go to localhost:50070/dfshealth.html to check the NameNode interface.

Fig: Hadoop Installation – Starting WebUI

Congratulations, you have successfully installed a single-node Hadoop cluster in one go. In our next blog of the Hadoop Tutorial Series, we will be covering how to install Hadoop on a multi-node cluster as well.

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